![]() One possible explanation is that circadian rhythm disturbances may lead to the onset of obesity, while adipose tissue can secrete large amounts of active compounds with potential effects on cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that the evening chronotype is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ![]() Similarly, a study of 23 854 Finnish adults found that the evening chronotypes are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. ![]() For example, evening chronotypes tend to have more health problems involving psychological and neurological factors, as well as higher mortality rates than morning chronotypes. Remarkably, biological differences between chronotypes extend beyond sleep duration, including differences in the circadian rhythm phase of body temperature, hormone secretion patterns, alertness times, and disease risk. Morning chronotypes and evening chronotypes define the 2 extremes of chronotype. One important individual difference associated with circadian rhythms is the natural variation in preferred bedtime and subjective time of peak alertness, also called the chronotype of an individual. Our findings suggest that biologically and socially affected sleep timing misalignment is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease risk.Ĭircadian rhythms are controlled by a master biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which regulates sleep and wake patterns, hormone secretion, and eating behavior. ConclusionsĮvening chronotype was significantly correlated with higher CM risk among young adults. The generalized linear model was used to determine the cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal associations between chronotype and each cardiometabolic parameter. The cardiometabolic (CM)-risk score was the sum of standardized Z scores based on gender for the 5 indicators: waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), triglyceride (TG), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), where the HDL-C is multiplied by-1. ![]() The Morning and Evening Questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5) was used to assess chronotype. From April to May 2021, 340 fasting blood samples were collected to quantify cardiometabolic parameters. Methodsįrom April to May 2019, a total of 1 135 young adults were selected to complete the self-administered questionnaire, and 744 fasting blood samples were collected to quantify cardiometabolic parameters. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal associations between chronotype and cardiometabolic risk among Chinese young adults. However, the extent to which circadian rhythm disturbances independently result in risk remains unclear. The association of evening chronotype with cardiometabolic disease has been well established.
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